{"id":551,"date":"2015-02-06T13:06:49","date_gmt":"2015-02-06T13:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/?page_id=551"},"modified":"2017-02-22T14:15:56","modified_gmt":"2017-02-22T14:15:56","slug":"obligations-believes-and-assumptions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/decision-making\/obligations-believes-and-assumptions\/","title":{"rendered":"Obligations, beliefs and assumptions"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"builder-section-1430915585924\" class=\"builder-section builder-section-first builder-section-text builder-section-last builder-text-columns-2\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-1430915585924-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<aside id=\"text-28\" class=\"widget widget_text\">\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\"><h1><strong>Obligations, beliefs and assumptions<\/strong><\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t<\/aside><aside id=\"custom-menu-wizard-23\" class=\"widget widget_custom_menu_wizard\"><div class=\"menu-obligations-container\"><ul id=\"menu-obligations\" class=\"menu-widget\"><li id=\"menu-item-2158\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2158\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/decision-making\/\">Decision Making<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2157\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/people-2\/\">People, parties and interests<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2163\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/different-sorts-of-values\/\">Classification of values of biodiversity<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2156\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2156\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/ecosystem-services\/\">Ecosystem Services<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2159\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2159\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/methods-for-expressing-benefits-of-biodiversity\/\">Assessing the economic values of biodiversity and ecosystem services<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2162\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2162\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/arguing-for-effective-biodiversity-conservation-in-lower-danube-catchment-romania\/\">Biodiversity conservation in the Lower Danube Catchment, Romania<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2160\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2160\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/how-to-construct-an-argument-tailor-to-audience\/\">Tailor to audience<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/aside>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-2\" id=\"builder-section-1430915585924-column-2\">\n<figure class=\"builder-text-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"436\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/ME_143_Voltaire-1400x436.png\" class=\"attachment-large\" alt=\"ME_143_Voltaire\" \/>\t\t\t<\/figure>\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<p>Decision makers, the people who take the actual final decisions at the end of a <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>decision making process<\/strong><\/span>, usually will consider factors like real or perceived obligations and what they think is in the best interests of the <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>people and parties<\/strong><\/span> involved and\/or society as a whole. The decision they take will normally reflect what they think is the right thing to do in the given situation. And it may reflect what they think others will <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips12' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'><span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips20' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>value<\/span><\/span> as much, or more, as what they value themselves.<\/p>\n<p>People arguing in a process will usually only bring in the <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips18' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>arguments<\/span> they think will be most effective in getting them the result they want. They therefore may only use the arguments they think other parties, and in particular the decision makers, will be sensitive to.<\/p>\n<p>In one of our studies we investigated the <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>attitudes of expert <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips16' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>stakeholders<\/span><\/strong><\/span>: researchers, decision-makers and NGOs. We found that many stakeholders from all walks of life attach considerable important to the intrinsic <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>value of nature<\/strong><\/span>, and place a high value on cultural and aesthetic <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong><span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips13' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'><span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips21' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>ecosystem<\/span> services<\/span><\/strong><\/span>. For example, all stakeholders agreed with the statement that <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips27' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>biodiversity<\/span> conservation is a moral issue. On the other hand, our stakeholders also rejected the concern that <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>valuation of <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips14' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>ecosystems<\/span><\/strong><\/span> is likely to provide a justification for their destruction.<\/p>\n<p>This diversity of views might prompt us to consider whether we should adopt a wider range of arguments for the conservation of nature. In particular, our results could be used to justify a stronger emphasis on ethical and moral arguments for biodiversity conservation, as it seems that many decision-makers and other stakeholders respond to those arguments.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the key to improving biodiversity protection is to ensure a better balance between these arguments, and wider dissemination of these arguments to all <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips25' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>stakeholder<\/span> groups, rather than assuming that, for example, decision-makers will only respond to financial arguments.<\/p>\n<p>In several of our case studies, arguments originally used by one party were taken up by other parties. An example are the local livelihood arguments used at first only at the local scale in the <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>Danube delta case study<\/strong><\/span>, but were taken up at higher scales later in the process. This shows that new arguments can resonate with other people than the original users and thus become effective, and therefore that <span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>tailoring of arguments to audience<\/strong><\/span> should take place rather by natural, in-process selection rather than by an up-front based on assumptions.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips27','The variety of living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/05\/03\/biodiversity-briefs\/\">here<\/a>.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Decision makers, the people who take the actual final decisions at the end of a decision making process, usually will consider factors like real or perceived obligations and what they think is in the best interests of the people and parties involved and\/or society as a whole. The decision they take will normally reflect what &hellip;<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips27','The variety of living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/05\/03\/biodiversity-briefs\/\">here<\/a>.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":253,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-builder.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-551","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=551"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2797,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/551\/revisions\/2797"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/253"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}