{"id":562,"date":"2015-02-06T15:26:21","date_gmt":"2015-02-06T15:26:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/?page_id=562"},"modified":"2017-02-22T14:16:09","modified_gmt":"2017-02-22T14:16:09","slug":"multi-level-governance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/multi-level-governance\/","title":{"rendered":"About Multi Level Governance"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"builder-section-1446046806242\" class=\"builder-section builder-section-first builder-section-text builder-section-next-text builder-text-columns-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-1446046806242-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<h1><strong>Multi-level <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips19' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>Governance<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"builder-section-1430924450029\" class=\"builder-section builder-section-prev-text builder-section-text builder-section-last builder-text-columns-2\">\n<div class=\"builder-section-content\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-1\" id=\"builder-section-1430924450029-column-1\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<aside id=\"custom-menu-wizard-19\" class=\"widget widget_custom_menu_wizard\"><div class=\"menu-mlg-container\"><ul id=\"menu-mlg\" class=\"menu-widget  \" data-cmwv=\"3.2.1\" data-cmws='{&quot;menu&quot;:70}'><li id=\"menu-item-2017\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2017\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/12\/governance-of-ecosystem-services\/\">Governance of Ecosystem Services<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1992\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-1992\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/ecosystem-services\/\">Ecosystem Services<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2013\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2013\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/about-the-policy-cycle\/\">Policy cycle<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2018\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2018\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/selecting-arguments-through-the-policy-cycle\/\">Selecting arguments through the policy cycle<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2014\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2014\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/changing-policies\/\">Biodiversity policy<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2015\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2015\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/ecosystem-services\/\">Ecosystem Services<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2016\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2016\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/people-2\/\">People, parties and interests<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2019\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2019\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/working-with-stakeholders\/\">Engaging stakeholders<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2022\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2022\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/developing-our-capacity-to-build-effective-arguments\/\">Developing our capacity to build effective arguments<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2029\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page cmw-level-1 menu-item-2029\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/web-tool\/navigator\/arguments-and-argumentation\/effective-use-2\/\">Effective use of arguments<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2025\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2025\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/different-sorts-of-values\/\">Classification of values of biodiversity<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2024\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post cmw-level-1 menu-item-2024\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/03\/methods-for-expressing-benefits-of-biodiversity\/\">Methods for assessing the economic values of biodiversity and ecosystem services<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-2021\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom cmw-level-1 menu-item-2021\"><a>MLG on Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/aside>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"builder-text-column builder-text-column-2\" id=\"builder-section-1430924450029-column-2\">\n<div class=\"builder-text-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/02\/12\/governance-of-ecosystem-services\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2011\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ecosystem-governance-cascade5.png\" alt=\"Ecosystem governance cascade\" width=\"608\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ecosystem-governance-cascade5.png 608w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/Ecosystem-governance-cascade5-300x149.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">The concept of \u201c<strong>Multi-level Governance<\/strong>\u201d (MLG) was developed to describe policy-making within the EU. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>MLG is characterized by\u00a0a multitude\u00a0of interactions between actors<\/strong><\/span> -governmental\u00a0as well as,\u00a0increasingly, a variety of non-governmental ones like NGOs or business associations- operating at different levels of governance \u2013 the global, European, national, sub-national and local level. Interactions do not simply follow a hierarchical top-down pattern from the European via the national to sub-national levels, but take place <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>in networks across levels and policy-making sectors.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Research results indicate that environmental outcomes depend on the <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>preferences of the involved actors<\/strong><\/span> and that <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>governance systems comprised of multiple levels and centres tend to perform better<\/strong><\/span>. This is especially relevant in the case of <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong><span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips27' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>biodiversity<\/span> policy<\/strong><\/span>, because of the public goods character of biodiversity and most <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips13' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'><span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips21' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>ecosystem<\/span> services<\/span>. The provision of biodiversity and <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>ecosystem services<\/strong><\/span> takes place at the local level and by specific <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips25' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>stakeholder<\/span> groups, but it is enjoyed by a larger (in some cases by the global) community. The values of <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips18' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>arguments<\/span> (and interpretations of what is meant by terms such as biodiversity or ecosystem services) vary at different levels of policy making and between different stakeholder groups, and therefore improving comprehension of the way these values \u2018translate\u2019 (i.e. transfer and scale) between contexts can in principle greatly improve the tuning and integration of policies and thereby their effectiveness.<\/p>\n<p>Several international agreements, like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Convention on International Trade and Endangered Species (CITES) and European policies, such as the Common Agricultural Policy, the Water Framework Directive, the Habitats and the Birds Directives, can have quite different impacts on the different governance levels. This complex policy-making setting of biodiversity governance <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>(illustrated by the figure at the top of the page)<\/strong><\/span> provides many opportunities for <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>involvement of interested actors<\/strong><\/span>, who, if they have the necessary <span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>capacities and knowledge of the policy process<\/strong><\/span>, can optimise the effectiveness of their arguments by locating policy decisions at the level they believe to be most supportive of their interests.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips27','The variety of living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/05\/03\/biodiversity-briefs\/\">here<\/a>.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Multi-level <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips19' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>Governance<\/span> The concept of \u201cMulti-level Governance\u201d (MLG) was developed to describe policy-making within the EU. MLG is characterized by\u00a0a multitude\u00a0of interactions between actors -governmental\u00a0as well as,\u00a0increasingly, a variety of non-governmental ones like NGOs or business associations- operating at different levels of governance \u2013 the global, European, national, sub-national and local level. Interactions do not &hellip;<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips27','The variety of living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/05\/03\/biodiversity-briefs\/\">here<\/a>.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":45,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-builder.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-562","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=562"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2799,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562\/revisions\/2799"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}