{"id":2559,"date":"2016-02-06T08:51:13","date_gmt":"2016-02-06T08:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/?p=2559"},"modified":"2017-02-22T14:12:45","modified_gmt":"2017-02-22T14:12:45","slug":"the-bottom-line","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2016\/02\/06\/the-bottom-line\/","title":{"rendered":"Five main points of advice for improving biodiversity argumentation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: large; color: #286239;\"><strong>Situations in which <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips27' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>biodiversity<\/span> argumentation is used are\u00a0so different and specific that\u00a0the effectiveness of different <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips18' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>arguments<\/span>\u00a0isn&#8217;t simply predicted by policy stage and <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips19' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>governance<\/span> scale. Effectiveness much more depends on tailoring argumentation to the decision making process and the parties in it.\u00a0 But there is general advice to be given at that level.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li type=\"square\"><span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <strong>Engage <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips16' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>stakeholders<\/span> in a more integrated approach.<\/strong> <\/span> <\/span><br \/>\nA top-down policy framework that sets goals for the protection of particular sites and species is important, but it is not enough to prevent biodiversity loss. An integrated approach, seeking to \u2018mainstream\u2019 biodiversity concerns across all policy sectors (e.g. agriculture, forestry, water, energy, transport and urban planning) and including the biodiversity outside protected areas is needed. Consequently, success depends on the cooperation and active engagement of all the stakeholders needed to successfully implement protective measures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li type=\"square\"><span style=\"color: #286239;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <strong>Promote bottom-up initiatives at the local level.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nAll stakeholders need to be actively involved in the decision-making process, which should facilitate building trust and working towards generally agreed and accepted solutions. This is particularly important in situations of conflict between biodiversity conservation and the use of natural resources. Authorities should invest in adapting their role to initiate, facilitate, monitor, guide and encourage these bottom-up collaborative decision-making processes and actively support an adaptive management approach wherever possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li type=\"square\"><span style=\"color: #286239;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <strong>Tailor arguments to the audience.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nArguments need to be framed to fit the values and goals of the audience, embracing the plurality of values attached to nature, and using appropriate language. For example, over-emphasising economic arguments could alienate people who are motivated mainly by ethical and moral concerns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li type=\"square\"><span style=\"color: #286239;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <strong>Use positive arguments.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nPositive framing of arguments to emphasise <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips23' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>benefits<\/span> is often more powerful than negative framing that focuses on threats and losses. The concept of <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips13' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'><span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips21' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>ecosystem<\/span> services<\/span> is useful for emphasising positive benefits, provided that it is properly explained to stakeholders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li type=\"square\"><span style=\"color: #286239;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> <strong>Use a wider range of arguments.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nArguments based on the economic <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips12' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'><span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips20' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>value<\/span><\/span> of nature for humans dominate European and national policy-making, and are often seen as central to gaining high-level policy-maker support, but our results show that many decision-makers and other stakeholders also use and respond positively to ethical and moral arguments. Therefore, a wider range of arguments may be needed to engage all stakeholders, including those at the local and regional level. It can be highly effective to bundle together packages of positive arguments, including those on the value of nature to humans, as well as those based on the rights of species to exist and on an \u201cinsurance policy\u201d approach stressing adaptation and resilience. These arguments should be seen as complementary, not as alternatives: the key recommendation is to ensure a better balance between the different types of arguments, and wider dissemination of these arguments to all <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips25' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>stakeholder<\/span> groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/besafe.pensoft.net\/img\/uplf\/BESAFE_brochure_online_17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">BESAFE&#8217;s final brochure <\/a>offers a more extensive overview of our main conclusions in a glossy format.<\/p>\n<p>BESAFE&#8217;s Final Publishable Summary adds last results and an overview of our products, dissemination efforts and their impacts (wil be added soon).<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips27','The variety of living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/05\/03\/biodiversity-briefs\/\">here<\/a>.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>RESULTS SUMMARY: <\/strong><\/span>Our main conclusions summarised in five points of advice:<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>&#8211; Engage <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips16' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>stakeholders<\/span> in a more integrated approach.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>&#8211; Promote bottom-up initiatives at the local level.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>&#8211; Tailor <span class='tooltipsall classtoolTips18' style='border-bottom:2px dotted #888;'>arguments<\/span> to the audience.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #286239;\"> <strong>&#8211; Use positive arguments.<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #286239;\"><strong>&#8211; Use a wider range of arguments.<\/strong><\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> toolTips('.classtoolTips27','The variety of living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/2015\/05\/03\/biodiversity-briefs\/\">here<\/a>.'); <\/script>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1651,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2559"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2781,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559\/revisions\/2781"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tool-besafe.pensoft.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}