Biodiversity, livelihoods and poverty alleviation
THEMATIC BRIEF: This brief outlines how biodiversity can contribute to livelihoods and how conservation of biodiversity can facilitate poverty alleviation. Livelihoods related argumentation can be a powerful tool for biodiversity conservation. However, there are also trade-offs in decisions, as the provision of some services coming from biodiversity may be in conflict.
Five main points of advice for improving biodiversity argumentation
RESULTS SUMMARY: Our main conclusions summarised in five points of advice:
- Engage stakeholders in a more integrated approach.
- Promote bottom-up initiatives at the local level.
- Tailor arguments to the audience.
- Use positive arguments.
- Use a wider range of arguments.
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What is an argument?
THEMATIC BRIEF: This brief explains how an argument is constructed, and shows how much of an argument can be implied by the context in which it is used. This is illustrated by means of an argument for biodiversity protection. To understand why an argument is effective or fails to convince, it is important to be aware that, to a large extent, its acceptance depends on situation dependent factors such as stakeholder beliefs and interests and their level of understanding of the issue. Knowledge about those is therefore crucial for developing effective argumentation.
Biodiversity conservation using ideas and instruments of habitat and area protection networks
THEMATIC BRIEF: This brief explains how ideas and instruments for habitat protection have evolved and contribute to an integrated biodiversity conservation strategy in Europe. The brief considers the protected areas designated and managed under the Habitats Directive of the European Commission and the Bern Convention of the Council of Europe, with reference to spatial networks and the conservation of biodiversity outside protected areas.
How biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services
THEMATIC BRIEF: This brief summarises the evidence from a literature review on how biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services. It shows that conservation of biodiversity is essential if it is to continue to provide a range of services that humans need and that careful management is needed to balance trade-offs between services.
Governance of Ecosystem Services
THEMATIC BRIEF: The need for conservation is increasingly justified with the concept of ecosystem services. For these ecosystem service arguments to be effective, they need to be understood and placed in the context where decisions are made. This brief outlines a broad classification of governance implementation mechanisms (referred to here as governance “modes”) that was developed within BESAFE to aid understanding of decision-making regarding ecosystem services. Four different modes of governance are identified: (1) hierarchical governance; (2) scientific-technical governance; (3) adaptive collaborative governance; and (4) governing strategic behaviour. Although these different modes of governance usually co-exist, decision-makers and decision-making situations can place stronger emphasis on some rather than on others.
Tidal Turbine Technology within a Marine Protected Area in Northern Ireland, UK
CASE STUDY BRIEF: This case study examines science informed decision-making processes amidst the potential conflicts of interest between the installation of a hi-tech underwater tidal turbine to supply renewable energy and responsibilities to protect marine biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. It illustrates how an adaptive management approach that takes account of a cumulative gain in scientific knowledge can provide a powerful means of successfully arguing to ensure biodiversity protection and human well-being, while still supporting energy, technological and commercial goals.